References

1. Institute of Directors in Southern Africa. “The King Code of Governance for South Africa,” http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.iodsa.co.za/resource/collection/94445006-4F18-4335-B7FB-7F5A8B23FB3F/King_Code_of_Governance_for_SA_2009_Updated_June_2012.pdf.

2. Jaeggi, O. “Human Rights: The Next Frontier.”https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/human-rights-the-next-frontier/.

3. “New UN program tasks corporate boards with heading sustainability efforts,” The Guardian, November 19, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2014/nov/19/united-nations-boards-directors-sustainability/.

4. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2014. http://www.fao.org/publications/sofi/en/.

5. Macondo. Global Compact International Yearbook 2010. New York: United Nations, 2010: 72.

6. Transformational collaborations were defined in the survey as “changing rules and markets, i.e., engagement that changes the rules of the game.”

7. Survey respondents who characterized their collaborations as strategic or transformational “to a great extent”

8. Kiron, D., Kruschwitz, N., Haanaes, K., Reeves, M., Goh, E. “The Innovation Bottom Line: Findings from the 2012 Sustainability & Innovation Global Executive Study and Research Report.” https://sloanreview.mit.edu/reports/sustainability-innovation/.

9. Sustainable Food Laboratory. “Bringing Value Closer to the Farm: The CAPE Project.” http://www.sustainablefoodlab.org/newsletter/17-news-spring10/242-newsletter-may-2013.

10. Turner, W., Kruschwitz, N. “Working Toward Totally Transparent Yogurt.” https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/working-toward-totally-transparent-yogurt/.

11. Blaisdell, B., Kruschwitz, N. “New Ways to Engage Employees, Suppliers and Competitors in CSR.” https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/new-ways-to-engage-employees-suppliers-and-competitors-in-csr/.

12. Jaeggi, O. “Human Rights: The Next Frontier.” https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/human-rights-the-next-frontier/.

13. The Thun Group. UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Discussion Paper for Banks on Implications of Principles 16–21 (October 2013). http://www.menschenrechte.uzh.ch/publikationen/thun-group-discussion-paper-final-2-oct-2013.pdf.

14. Roundtable for Human Rights in Tourism: About Us. http://www.menschenrechte-im-tourismus.net/en/ueber-uns.html.

15. Unruh, G. “The Sustainability Insurgency” [series]. https://sloanreview.mit.edu/tag/sustainability-insurgency/.

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17. Senge, P., Smith, B., Kruschwitz, N., Laur, J., Schley, S. The Necessary Revolution. New York: Crown Publishing/Random House, 2007; p. 234.

18. Post, R. “For BASF, Sustainability Is a Catalyst.” https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/for-basf-sustainability-is-a-catalyst/.

19. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Integrated Governance: A New Model of Governance for Sustainability. June 2014. p.6. http://www.unepfi.org/fileadmin/documents/UNEPFI_IntegratedGovernance.pdf.

20. UNEP, Integrated Governance, p. 15.

21. From a total universe of about 60,000 companies, only 3,512 companies reported on at least one ESG measure [Ibid, p. 15].

22. Paine, L.S. “Sustainability In the Boardroom: Lessons from Nike’s Playbook.” Harvard Business Review 92, no. 7–8 (Jul–Aug 2014): 87–94.

23. UNEP, Integrated Governance, p. 15.

24. Heracleous, L., Lan, L.L. “The Myth of Shareholder Capitalism,” Harvard Business Review 88, no. 4 (April 2010): 24. https://hbr.org/2010/04/the-myth-of-shareholder-capitalism/ar/1.

25. Stout, L.A. The Shareholder Value Myth: How Putting Shareholders First Harms Investors, Corporations, and the Public. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2012.

26. Gore, A. The Future: Six Drivers of Global Change. Random House, 2013: p. 35. The given source for this factoid is: Henry Blodget, “You’re an investor? How Quaint,” Business Insider, August 8, 2009. http://www.businessinsider.com/henry-blodget-youre-an-investor-how-quaint-2009-8.

27. Rose, J.M. “Corporate Directors and Social Responsibility: Ethics versus Shareholder Value,” Journal of Business Ethics, 73 no.3 (July 2007) 319-331.

28. Ibid, p. 319.

29. This is adapted from the UNEP Integrated Governance Report.

30. “Cermaq presents solid sustainability results.” http://www.wallstreet-online.de/nachricht/3140551-cermaq-presents-solid-sustainability-results.

31. Paine, “Sustainability In the Boardroom,” p. 90.

32. Ibid, p. 88.

33. Eccles, R.G., Krzus, M.P., Ribot, S. “The Integrated Reporting Movement: Meaning, Momentum, Motives, and Materiality.” New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2014.

34. UNEP, Integrated Governance, p. 8.

35. “Corruption: Less Party Time,” The Economist, January 25, 2014. http://www.economist.com/news/china/21595029-communist-partys-anti-graft-campaign-has-had-surprising-impact-new-report-shows-how.

36. Kruschwitz, N. Is Hostility to Blame for Sustainability’s Leadership Gap? https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/is-hostility-to-blame-for-sustainabilitys-leadership-gap/.

37. Watson, B. “Siemens and the Battle Against Bribery and Corruption,” The Guardian, September 18, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/siemens-solmssen-bribery-corruption.

About the Authors

David Kiron is the executive editor of MIT Sloan Management Review’s Big Ideas Initiative. He can be reached at dkiron@mit.edu.

Nina Kruschwitz is MIT Sloan Management Review’s managing editor and special projects manager. She can be contacted at ninakru@mit.edu.

Knut Haanaes is a senior partner and managing director in the Boston Consulting Group’s Geneva office, as well as global leader of BCG’s Strategy Practice Area. He can be contacted at haanaes.knut@bcg.com.

Martin Reeves is a senior partner and managing director in the Boston Consulting Group’s New York office and head of the Bruce Henderson Institute worldwide. He can be contacted at reeves.martin@bcg.com

Sonja-Katrin Fuisz-Kehrbach is a knowledge expert for sustainability at the Boston Consulting Group’s Hamburg office and core member of BCG’s sustainability team. She can be contacted at fuisz-kehrbach.sonja-katrin@bcg.com

Georg Kell is the executive director of the United Nations Global Compact. He can be contacted at kell@unglobalcompact.org.

Contributors

Laura Brämswig, associate, BCG

Sean Cruse, senior manager, research and communications, UN Global Compact

Carrie Hall, head of communications & information, UN Global Compact

Olivier Jaeggi, managing partner, ECOFACT

Rachael Post, writer

Holger Rubel, senior partner and global sustainability lead, BCG

Edward Ruehle, writer

Ingvild Soerensen, manager, Global Compact LEAD, UN Global Compact

Philip Specht, consultant, BCG

Gregory Unruh, professor, George Mason University

Acknowledgments

Daniel Aronson, founder, Valutus; Christine Bader, author, The Evolution of a Corporate Idealist: When Girl Meets Oil; Tima Bansal, director, Network for Business Sustainability; Naty Barak, chief sustainability officer, Netafim; Betsy Blaisdell, senior manager of environmental stewardship, The Timberland Company; Andreas Bluethner, director of food fortification & partnerships, BASF; Peter Bryant, partner, Clareo Partners and senior fellow, Kellogg Innovation Network (KIN), Kellogg School of Management; Jason Clay, senior vice president, WWF; Robert Eccles, professor, MIT; Shelly Esque, vice president of legal and corporate affairs, Intel and chair of the board of the Intel Foundation; Thomas J. Falk, CEO, Kimberly-Clark; Brian Gonzalez, director of global education sales, Intel; Aida Greenbury, managing director of sustainability & stakeholder engagement, Asia Pulp & Paper; Amy Hargroves, director of corporate responsibility, Sprint; Dan Hesse, former CEO, Sprint Corporation; Patrick Hynes, deputy director of member relations, Clinton Global Initiative; Jason Jay, director of the MIT Sloan Initiative for Sustainable Business and Society, MIT Sloan School of Management; Michael Meehan, CEO, Global Reporting Initiative; Paul Polman, CEO, Unilever; John Ruggie, Berthold Beitz Professor in Human Rights and International Affairs, Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University; Ryan Schuchard, associate director, climate change, Business for Social Responsibility; Wood Turner, former vice president of sustainability innovation, Stonyfield Farm; Ulrich Wassmer, professor of strategy, EMLYON Business School.

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