MIT Sloan Management Review

Corporate Strategy, Management of Technology and Innovation

 

Foundations for Growth: How To Identify and Build Disruptive New Businesses

By Clayton M. Christensen, Mark W. Johnson and Darrell K. Rigby

April 15, 2002

Many companies believe in the concept of disruptive innovation but are skeptical about making it work. Here’s a blueprint to help managers understand if the conditions are right for disruption—and how to pull it off again and again.

Many companies proudly think of themselves as innovative. The great majority of them, however, are adept at producing only sustaining innovations —products or services that meet the demands of existing customers in established markets. Few companies have introduced genuinely disruptive innovations, the kind that result in the creation of entirely new markets and business models. And yet the motivation to pursue such innovations should be urgent. In almost any industry you care to examine, the most dramatic stories of growth and success were launched from a platform of disruptive innovation.1

Most managers understand that significant, new, sustainable growth comes from creating new markets and ways of competing. But few of them make such investments. Why? Because when times are good and core businesses are growing robustly, starting new generations of growth ventures seems unnecessary; when times are bad and mature businesses are under attack, investments to create new growth businesses can’t send enough profit to the bottom line quickly enough to satisfy investor pressure for a fast turnaround.

The second problem is virtually insurmountable, so senior managers must rethink their reluctance to start new ventures in good times. After all, business units that are growing robustly today will become mature, and thus vulnerable, in the future. The only way a corporation can maintain its growth is by launching new growth businesses when the... To read the complete article, login or sign-up using the form below.

 
 

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