MIT Sloan Management Review

Forecasting, Strategy

Why Forecasts Fail. What to Do Instead

By Spyros Makridakis, Robin M. Hogarth and Anil Gaba

January 1, 2010

The field of forecasting has advanced significantly in recent years. But managers need to learn from history about what they can and cannot predict, and develop plans that are sensitive to surprises.

It seems like a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away. But in reality it was 2006, on this very planet. The entire world was booming, partly on the back of triple-A investment innovations devised by a master race of financial Jedi. And then: crash, bang, global recession. Suddenly it was all over. Triple-A turned into a euphemism for “subprime,” which itself began to translate into “toxic.” The banking Jedi were cast out with no bonuses — many into bankruptcy, takeover or nationalization. Welcome to the empire of the credit crunch.

The Leading Question
How can managers use forecasting tools to plan effectively and build better strategies?
Findings
  • In most areas of business, accurate forecasting is not possible. Future uncertainty is much greater than most managers acknowledge.
  • Statistical regularity does not imply predictability.
  • Instead of seeking predictability, managers should channel their efforts into being prepared for different contingencies.

By now, it’s a story as well known as “Star Wars.” But what fascinates us about the story of the crisis is one single, often overlooked fact — that almost no one saw it coming: none of the experts, none of the academics, none of the politicians and, as far as we know, none of the banking CEOs. So we think it’s time for business experts and practitioners to come to terms with the reality, harsh as it is, that accurate forecasts simply aren’t possible in their world. In addition to highlighting that alarming point, we’d like to offer some solace in the form of an analogy with natural disasters. We’ll also use our earthquake and hurricane comparisons to examine two types of uncertainty. Finally, we’ll provide a framework for making decisions, plans and strategies in the absence of accurate forecasts. Fundamentally, we believe that business needs a whole new attitude toward the future.

About the Research

One Response to “Why Forecasts Fail. What to Do Instead”

  1. Eva van Bodegraven Says:

    So why do forecasts fail? This is not explained in this article at all… From what I understand small uncertainties add up and can change the outcome enormously. Would be nice to either have a better explanation of why forecasts fail or at least an improved title that reflects the content.

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